本學期,各位老師和同學們都過了一個特殊的學期。線上授課,對同學們而言,既新穎又充滿著諸多挑戰(zhàn)。臨近期末,筆者對本學期學習的重點語法按照單元,再做梳理歸納,以供同學們整理復習。
第一單元:
一. 強調句
強調句通常有兩種句式:一種是It is /was... that/who...,另一種是What... is/was...。本單元,同學們重點學習后者。What... is/was... 強調句式可以用來強調主語、謂語和賓語。此外,當特別強調某一事物時,可以用all代替what。在這種句式中,常見的動詞主要有:like,enjoy,love,want,prefer,dislike,hate,need,表示“喜歡”、“想要”、“憎恨”、“需要”等;還有動詞do。
請同學們學習分析以下例句中的what... is/was...結構:
1. His right ring finger bled.
→ What bled was his right ring finger. (強調主語)
2. She collects all the relevant information on the Internet.
→ What she does is (to) collect all the relevant information in the internet.(強調謂語)
3. I need your spiritual support and trust.
→ All/what I need is your spiritual support and trust.(強調賓語)
倒裝句
倒裝主要指主謂語語序的倒裝(inversion)。將謂語的一部分提到主語之前叫做部分倒裝;將謂語全部提到主語之前叫做全部倒裝。這里主要學習以下三種:
1. 由hardly,no sooner... than,little,under no circumstances,nor等引導的部分倒裝。
Hardly do I know about the accident.
Under no circumstances will I tell them the secret.
2. 在so... that 句型中,so在句首時,主句倒裝, that從句不用倒裝。
So quickly did the girl finish her task that the teacher praised her in front of all the pupils.
3. only 位于句首修飾狀語時,主句倒裝。
Only if Mary goes to the party will I go.
第三單元:主謂一致
這里主要給同學們歸納有關主謂一致的一些特殊情況:
1. 不定代詞each后面的謂語往往用單數(shù)形式,但在某些情況下,也用復數(shù)形式,例如:
They each have their own interpretation of the regulation.
2. 主語前出現(xiàn)every, each和 many a 時,謂語用單數(shù)形式。
Many a flight was delayed due to the heavy rain.g
3. 有些短語如 along with, together with, in addition to, as well as等與主語并列時,不影響主謂一致關系。
The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.
第四單元:一般現(xiàn)在時表示過去或將來的時間概念
1.一般現(xiàn)在時通常用來表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作、日常行為、客觀真理、事物特征等。
The moon goes round the earth.
The bus does not arrive at this time. It arrives half an hour later.
2.一般現(xiàn)在時還可以用來表示其他不同的時間概念:
①一般現(xiàn)在時表示過去的時間概念
War Criminal Escapes from Courtroom (用于報紙標題,以求生動)
、谝话悻F(xiàn)在時表示將來的時間概念
The train to Beijing starts at 8 o’clock this evening. (用于表示按時間安排或計劃將要發(fā)生的事)
第五單元:將來時態(tài)的幾種特殊表達
1.Be to do 表示按照計劃、安排或約定將要做某事,后可跟時間狀語。表示按計劃、安排做某事時可與be going to do通用,但be to do 常用于書面語中,而be going to do多用于口語中。例如:
The US President is to make a speech in Columbia University tonight.
All visitors entering the hospital are to wear masks as protection against infection.
2.Be about to do 表示將來要發(fā)生的動作,不與表示將來的時間狀語連用。通常譯為“快要”、“正要”。例如:
John is about to leave for Paris.
3.Be doing 表示按計劃、安排在不久的、很近的將來即將發(fā)生的動作。例如:
Lucy is spending the summer holiday in Hawaii this year.
4.Be due to do 表示按預定時間將要發(fā)生的事情。例如:
He is due to resign his position soon.
5.一般現(xiàn)在時也可以表將來,常見于某些動詞,如come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等,表示按計劃或時間表將要發(fā)生的事。例如:
The train leaves at 10:00 tomorrow morning. |