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　　2016級學生將于本學期末參加2017年12月的大學英語四級考試,近期筆者對所授班級進行了一次模擬考試,試卷采用的是2016年12月大學英語四級真題(一)。通過本次模擬考試學生了解了自己目前的學習狀況，并為接下來的四級考試做以準備和計劃。現(xiàn)就本次考試中學生的英語作文和翻譯表達中常見問題進行簡析。

　　第一，詞性混淆。Red usually symbol good luck, longevity and happiness. Symbol是名詞，句中缺少的是謂語動詞symbolize,并使用第三人稱單數(shù)。It’s a good choose to find a job somewhere after graduation. Choose是動詞，句中缺少的是用作表語的名詞choice. To find a job is benefit for my development. Benefit是動詞，句中缺少的是用作表語的形容詞beneficial. In Chinese cultural, the color of red usually symbolizes…… Cultural是形容詞，句中缺少的是用作介詞賓語的名詞culture.

　　第二，動詞的不同形式混淆。首先，動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)。People gives money…… Somebody think…… Our country hope……其次，動詞的-ing形式。I don’t have the ability of start a business. Because start a business can give some people……以上兩個句子中的start應用其-ing形式分別做介詞的賓語和句子的主語。再次，動詞的-ed形式。You can found a job……在這句話中，應用動詞原形find。最后，動詞不定式。We should to start…… I will to catch a chance. Should和will后應用動詞原形。

　　第三，be動詞的使用問題。首先，be 動詞亂用。If we are come from school,…… When we are graduated,…… I’m decide to find a job. The red is not always means luck and happiness. 其次，be動詞的省缺。It not always equal to good luck…… Red can found everywhere.

　　第四，句子結構問題。The other reason of red is popular in China is people make red…… Chinese revolution and Chinese party is red popularity of reason. 出現(xiàn)以上句子結構混亂的原因是應試者沒能理清句子的主干。筆者曾提出過運用樹干理論理清脈絡。所謂樹干理論，就是指在翻譯過程中先翻譯出句子的主干部分，然后是其他細枝末節(jié)，最后再進行檢查，即trunk---modifier---check.這句話的主干是Another reason is that…第二步Another reason for the popularity of red is that…最后補充that從句，Another reason for the popularity of red is that people associate it with Chinese Revolution and the Communist Party.

　　第五, there be句型的問題。There are many college students have no idea about their future after graduation. 這句話可改為Many college students have no idea about their future after graduation. There are many college students who have no idea about their future after graduation.

　　其它問題如名詞的單復數(shù)問題，a people, this days, this two options; 拼寫問題如將perfect寫為prefect, popular寫為population, represent寫為respect.

　　希望同學們在接下來的備考中加強基礎知識的鞏固，避免這些所謂的“careless mistake”。