制服 丝袜 综合 日韩 欧美,中文字幕探花国产,中年妇女日日骚成人熟女五月丁香亭,少妇在线毛片

　　日前，筆者在西北大學(xué)南校區(qū)聆聽了香港理工大學(xué)朱志瑜教授的關(guān)于文學(xué)翻譯的翻譯策略的講座。朱教授從功能主義視角出發(fā)，追根溯源，向我們講授了各種文本所適用的翻譯策略，最后將重點落到文學(xué)翻譯的翻譯策略上，并通過舉例讓我們對文學(xué)文本的翻譯形成了較為清晰的認(rèn)識。

　　朱教授首先引入了柏拉圖對語言的定義，“The one informs the other of something about things.”由此Karl Buhler得出了語言的三大功能：representation, expression, appeal. Representation is about things, which is sign objectively represents objects and states of affairs. It is relationship between sign and objects and states of affairs. In this sense, language is symbol. Expression is about the sender, which is sign subjectively expresses the inner states of the sender. It is relationship between sign and sender. In this sense, language is symptom. Appeal is about the receiver, which is sign appeals to the receiver (inner or out behavior). It is relationship between sign and receiver. In this sense, language is signal.

　　由此，朱教授得出結(jié)論，文本類型與翻譯策略之間的關(guān)系: 非文學(xué)文本(non-literary)適合于意譯(free translation); 文學(xué)文本(literary)適合于直譯(literal translation)。

　　接著朱教授向我們介紹了Reiss關(guān)于表情文本的定義: “It is artistic shaping of the content. Here the sender is the foreground. The author of the text creates his topic himself; he alone, following only his creative will, decides on the means of verbalization(形式).”(“對內(nèi)容的藝術(shù)加工。發(fā)送者為前景。文本作者創(chuàng)作主題，作者決定表述方式。”)Buhler認(rèn)為: “a symptom by virtue of its dependence on the sender, whose inner states it expresses.” (1934/1993) 然后介紹了Newmark 關(guān)于表情文本的表述: “The mind of the writer, the speaker, etc. There are personal components of texts (idiolect): unusual (infrequent) collocations, original metaphors, “untranslatable words, unconventional syntax, neologisms, strange words (archaisms, dialect, odd terms) (Do not normalize these in translation.) 接著，朱教授又向我們引述了Nord關(guān)于表情文本的闡釋: “expression of the sender’s attitude or feelings towards the objects and phenomena dealt with in the text.” (1997) 最后談了他對中國傳統(tǒng)文學(xué)翻譯策略“神似化境”的看法。

　　最后，朱教授通過列舉翻譯實例，向我們闡釋了文學(xué)翻譯不僅要關(guān)注翻譯文本內(nèi)容，同時還要關(guān)注文本風(fēng)格的翻譯，并且指出，文學(xué)翻譯最具挑戰(zhàn)性的部分也就是文本風(fēng)格的翻譯。

　　通過聆聽這次講座，筆者對不同類型文本所適合采用的翻譯策略有了較為清晰的認(rèn)識，這對未來指導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行不同文本的翻譯有巨大的指導(dǎo)意義。

　　基礎(chǔ)部 崇寧