國(guó)慶假期將至，再回首，我們已經(jīng)走過(guò)了大半的考研復(fù)習(xí)歷程，再加上今年的考研初試時(shí)間再次提前，掐指算來(lái)我們復(fù)習(xí)的時(shí)間已經(jīng)不足3個(gè)月！那么，對(duì)于英語(yǔ)考試中的“重頭戲”閱讀理解，不知道各位研友們準(zhǔn)備的怎么樣了呢？在此，老師提醒大家，既然十月份之前大多數(shù)同學(xué)已經(jīng)完成了閱讀基礎(chǔ)階段的三步走，接下來(lái)就是關(guān)鍵的強(qiáng)化階段三步走，走好這三步才能使大家的閱讀能力有切實(shí)的提升，從而最終取得不錯(cuò)的成績(jī)。
閱讀基礎(chǔ)階段三步走：
一、拿到一套閱讀真題，首先要嚴(yán)格按照考試時(shí)間要求獨(dú)立完成，以培養(yǎng)正確的閱讀習(xí)慣。
二、標(biāo)記生詞，深入分析理解長(zhǎng)難句，可以借助譯文，對(duì)全篇文章內(nèi)容有一個(gè)清楚的把握。
三、最后也是做題最關(guān)鍵的一步，即：按照正確的解題步驟和思路一一定位題干位置，定位選項(xiàng)出處，判斷選項(xiàng)的正確與否。
閱讀強(qiáng)化階段三步走：
一、總結(jié)正確選項(xiàng)特征
首先，自己做對(duì)的答案一定要再次明確自己思路的正確性，并在此基礎(chǔ)上判定其相應(yīng)錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的原因。一般而言，正確選項(xiàng)無(wú)非是原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，或總結(jié)概括，或正話(huà)反說(shuō)。來(lái)看這樣一道真題：
If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition—wealth, distinction, control over one’s destiny—must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf。
27.It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if________。
[A] its returns well compensate for the sacrifices
[B] it is rewarded with money, fame and power
[C] its goals are spiritual rather than material
[D] it is shared by the rich and the famous
解析：題干問(wèn)的是“在什么條件下，野心才能被正確看待？”，而原文給的是“野心要想被正確看待，就必須怎樣”，從而確定答案的出處就在后邊這句話(huà)中the rewards of ambition must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices. 而[A]選項(xiàng)its returns well compensate for the sacrifices
即為詞句的同意轉(zhuǎn)述。
二、總結(jié)錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)特征
在分析完一輪的真題閱讀之后，你會(huì)很驚奇的發(fā)現(xiàn)：原來(lái)每個(gè)錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置都是這么的相似！無(wú)外乎偷換概念，范圍不當(dāng)，比較錯(cuò)誤，抑或無(wú)中生有。待以后再見(jiàn)到類(lèi)似錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的時(shí)候你就能看出它的錯(cuò)誤“本性”了。
三、總結(jié)出題規(guī)律和做題思路
這需要我們回到文章中去，把自己的做題思路“代入”到文章中去，深入的思考，比如：出題人為什么會(huì)在這個(gè)地方出題目而不在其他地方出題目？一般出題的位置都是文章中較重要的位置，像是與主旨有關(guān)的地方，與觀點(diǎn)有關(guān)的句子，及轉(zhuǎn)折處等，都是經(jīng)常出題的點(diǎn)。
最后，對(duì)近十年考研英語(yǔ)真題的每一遍文章，都要總結(jié)出題技巧以及自己的應(yīng)對(duì)策略，再次強(qiáng)化做題思路。其目的是再此深化貼近出題人思維思路，最終達(dá)到對(duì)出題點(diǎn)的熟練把握，并從容應(yīng)對(duì)。當(dāng)然，方法和思路的掌握與之前的長(zhǎng)難句分析理解是分不開(kāi)的，前面的工作做好了，后面才能獲得順利的提升�？傊�，知彼知己，才能達(dá)到百戰(zhàn)不殆。老師預(yù)祝大家考試順利，金榜題名！
閱讀解題技巧之例證題
例證題是考研英語(yǔ)閱讀題型之一。什么叫做例證題呢？所謂例證，即用例子證明。這種題型通常是問(wèn)作者為什么要舉例，舉這個(gè)例子的目的是什么，通常是從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇最為合適的一個(gè)選項(xiàng)。
1.識(shí)別
當(dāng)題干中出現(xiàn)example,case,demonstrate,illustrate等詞的時(shí)候，我們可基本判定該題為例證題。
2.解題思路：
作者為什么要舉例呢？毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，一篇文章中的每一句話(huà)都必然不是毫無(wú)理由的廢話(huà)，實(shí)質(zhì)上他們都是為文章的中心思想服務(wù)的，那么作者舉出來(lái)的例子肯定也是為觀點(diǎn)和結(jié)論服務(wù)的。因此我們?cè)诮忸}時(shí)要能先尋找到例子對(duì)應(yīng)的觀點(diǎn)或結(jié)論，通常往上或往下尋找，觀點(diǎn)和結(jié)論也可以在本句中。然后再重疊選項(xiàng)，得出正確答案。而且，通常正確的選項(xiàng)都是有一定的高度和深度，具有概括性，不是很具體、很表面的東西。
3.錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)特征
當(dāng)然錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)也有自己的特征，比如①就事論事，只針對(duì)作者給出的例子進(jìn)行解釋、說(shuō)明；②自我總結(jié)，命題人自己根據(jù)自己的理解總結(jié)出新的結(jié)論。
具體的我們以2010年的text 3為例進(jìn)行講解。
31. By citing the book The Tipping Point the author intends to_________。
[A] analyze the consequences of social epidemics。
[B] discuss influentials’ function in spreading ideas。
[C] exemplify people’s intuitive response to social epidemics。
[D] describe the essential characteristics of influentials。
根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞The Tipping Point，我們可以定位到文中的第一段，具體如下：
In his book The Tipping Point Malcolm Gladwell argues that “social epidemics” are driven in large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special inpiduals,often called influentials, who are usually informed, persuasive, or well connected. The idea is intuitively compelling,but it doesn't explain how ideas actually spread。
本段可以翻譯為：MG在《引爆點(diǎn)》這本書(shū)中說(shuō)，“社會(huì)流行病”在很大程度上都是由少數(shù)個(gè)體推動(dòng)的，我們稱(chēng)之為“名人”。他們經(jīng)常見(jiàn)多識(shí)廣，說(shuō)服力強(qiáng)，社交廣泛。這個(gè)想法在直覺(jué)上令人佩服，但是并沒(méi)有解釋想法是怎樣真正傳播的。
所以，本題選B。討論了名人在傳播思想中的功能。選項(xiàng)A是偷換概念，文章分析了社會(huì)流行病的起因是社會(huì)強(qiáng)有力的名人的推動(dòng)，而非結(jié)果。選項(xiàng)C列舉了人們對(duì)于社會(huì)流行病的直覺(jué)反應(yīng)，也是偷換概念，應(yīng)該是intuitively compelling令人信服的直覺(jué)。選項(xiàng)D,描述了有影響人士的重要特征，則是屬于典型的就事論事，并非正確答案。
閱讀解題技巧之態(tài)度題
考研英語(yǔ)閱讀題型中的態(tài)度題，題干通常是問(wèn)作者對(duì)某個(gè)人或某件事情的看法。因此，弄清楚態(tài)度的三要素，即態(tài)度的主體、對(duì)象和表達(dá)，就顯得非常重要，因?yàn)槌鲱}人在命題時(shí)可能會(huì)根據(jù)態(tài)度的主體和對(duì)象而編造錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)，偷梁換柱，進(jìn)而迷惑讀者。
1.分類(lèi)
根據(jù)態(tài)度題的類(lèi)型，我們可以將它分為以下類(lèi)型：
�、偃膽B(tài)度題
當(dāng)主體為作者，對(duì)象為文章主題時(shí)，題目為全文態(tài)度題。這時(shí)候作者在全文中表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的態(tài)度，即為作者對(duì)文章主題的態(tài)度。
②局部態(tài)度題
除去以上情況的其他情況，都稱(chēng)為局部態(tài)度題。對(duì)于這兩種題型，我們可以采用類(lèi)似的解題思路。
2.解題思路
�、傧却_定主干中態(tài)度的主體和對(duì)象；
②返回原文尋找包含主體和對(duì)象的句子(優(yōu)先考慮包含主體的句子)；
�、蹖⒃闹械膽B(tài)度詞和選項(xiàng)相對(duì)照，同義替換的為正確答案。咱們?cè)谧鲞@種題型時(shí)，定位、替換和排除的思想很重要。我們還是通過(guò)2010年的text 4的真題來(lái)仔細(xì)講解吧！
40.The author’s attitude towards standard-setters is one of ________。
[A]satisfaction [B]skepticism
[C]objectiveness [D]sympathy
題干問(wèn)作者對(duì)準(zhǔn)則制定者的態(tài)度是怎樣的？態(tài)度的主體是作者，對(duì)象是準(zhǔn)則制定者。為了解題，要先找到能夠體現(xiàn)作者態(tài)度的詞。
②Unfortunately, banks’ lobbying now seems to be working.The details may be unknowable,but the independence of standard-setters,essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised.And,unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers,reviving the banking system will be difficult。
�、跘fter a bruising encounter with Congress,America’s Financial Accounting Standards Board(FASB)rushed through rule changes.These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement.Bob Herz, the FASB’s chairman,cried out against those who “question our motives。”Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls ”the use of judgment by management。”
�、蹺uropean ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board(IASB)do likewise.The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning,but the pressure to fold when it completes its reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. Charlie McCreevy,a European commissioner,warned the IASB that is did “not live in a political vacuum”but “in the real word” and the Europe could yet develop different rules。
�、軮t was banks that were on the wrong planet,with accouts that vastly overvalued assets.Today they argue that market prices overstate losses,because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets,not the likely extent of bad debts.The truth will not be known for years.But banks’ shares trade below their book value,suggesting that investors are skeptical.And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses,yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains。
⑥To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with.America’s new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that,cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions,for example,against hostility interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions。
從第二段的unfortunately和第五段的It was banks that were on the wrong planet可知，作者對(duì)銀行持反對(duì)態(tài)度。第三段和第四段分別舉了FASB和IASB的例子進(jìn)行說(shuō)明。第六段說(shuō)，銀行的想法不切實(shí)際，呼吁銀行制定者繼續(xù)保持獨(dú)立性和戰(zhàn)斗性。因此，這表明作者贊成會(huì)計(jì)戰(zhàn)斗者的做法，對(duì)它面臨壓力不得不妥協(xié)，表示擔(dān)憂(yōu)和同情。所以本題選D。
閱讀解題技巧之推理題
推理題是考研[微博]英語(yǔ)閱讀題型之一。所謂推理題，通常是作者根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容進(jìn)行推理，得出正確結(jié)論。
1.識(shí)別
當(dāng)infer,learn,imply,conclude,suggest,indicate等出現(xiàn)在題干中時(shí)，可基本判定該題為推理題。
2.分類(lèi)
根據(jù)推理題的不同情況，我們可以將之分為不同的種類(lèi)：
�、偌�(xì)節(jié)性推理：題干中包含有具體定位信息，此時(shí)它的做法和細(xì)節(jié)題類(lèi)似，有時(shí)比細(xì)節(jié)題更簡(jiǎn)單。
②段落性推理：題干中包含有具體段落號(hào)(從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中尋找定位信息或原文�？汲鲱}點(diǎn))。
③全文性推理：題干中包含主體詞或無(wú)定位信息(從四個(gè)選擇中尋找定位信息，或遵循順序原則)。
3.解題原則
根據(jù)推理題的實(shí)際解體情況，我們?cè)诮忸}時(shí)應(yīng)該堅(jiān)持以下原則：
�、僦黝}大于細(xì)節(jié)，觀點(diǎn)大于論據(jù)；
�、谕评肀仨氂性恼摀�(jù)；
�、壑攸c(diǎn)關(guān)注轉(zhuǎn)折
4.�？汲鲱}點(diǎn)
在仔細(xì)分析歷年真題老師發(fā)現(xiàn)，推理題的實(shí)質(zhì)：是一種同義改寫(xiě)，推理通常為正反推理和歸納總結(jié)�？佳兄谐？嫉某鲱}點(diǎn)通常出現(xiàn)以下特征：
�、俣温涫啄┚�、主題句、觀點(diǎn)句；
�、谂c主題密切相關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)；
�、坜D(zhuǎn)折的地方；
�、軓�(qiáng)調(diào)或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的地方。
具體該如何操作，還是我們一起來(lái)看看2010的text 2吧。
29. We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents_________。
[A] are immune to legal challenges。
[B] are often unnecessarily issued。
[C] lower the esteem for patent holders。
[D] increase the incidence of risks。
題干問(wèn)我們從最后兩段可以推測(cè)出什么？首先，還是先定位。
�、躎he Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should “reconsider” its State Street Bank ruling。
�、軹he Federal Circuit’s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the Supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example, the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for “inventions”that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are “reacting to the anti-patent trend at the supreme court”，says Harold C. Wegner, a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School。
根據(jù)第五段第二句，去年四月，法官表示說(shuō)很多顯而易見(jiàn)的發(fā)明被授予。言下之意就是說(shuō)，經(jīng)常授予了沒(méi)有必要的專(zhuān)利問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)A、C和D都不是正確答案，本題選C。選項(xiàng)A，專(zhuān)利問(wèn)題不受法律影響。文中有提到法律質(zhì)疑很可能會(huì)改變專(zhuān)利的未來(lái)。選項(xiàng)C屬于無(wú)中生有的選項(xiàng)，文中并未提出；選項(xiàng)D并非是增加風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的幾率，而是規(guī)避。 |
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